Foamy Urine: When Should You Worry?
Occasional bubbles in urine may be harmless, but persistent foamy urine can be associated with protein in urine. Learn when…
Patient Education Library General Urology
General Urology
Cloudy or Smelly Urine: Does It Mean Infection?
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine can occur with UTI, but dehydration, food, vitamins, crystals and contamination can also change urine. Learn…
Difficulty Emptying the Bladder in Women
Women may have incomplete bladder emptying from weak bladder contraction, pelvic floor dysfunction, prolapse, prior continence surgery, medicines or urethral…
Urinary Urgency: Why Do I Suddenly Need to Pass Urine?
A sudden strong need to pass urine can occur with overactive bladder, UTI, bladder irritation, excess fluids, medicines or incomplete…
Phimosis in Adults: Causes and Treatment
Adult phimosis can cause painful retraction, cuts, infection or scarring. Learn about diabetes, lichen sclerosus, topical treatment, stretching and when…
Adult Circumcision: Procedure, Recovery and Risks
Adult circumcision removes the foreskin and may be advised for phimosis, recurrent inflammation, paraphimosis or scarring. Learn about procedure options,…
Paraphimosis: A Foreskin Emergency That Needs Urgent Treatment
Paraphimosis occurs when retracted foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans. It needs urgent treatment because swelling can compromise blood flow.…
Renal Cyst on Ultrasound: Simple vs Complex Cyst
Most kidney cysts are simple and harmless. Complex cysts may need contrast CT or MRI and Bosniak classification. Learn which…
Adrenal Mass: What Patients Should Know
Most adrenal masses are benign, but imaging features and hormone activity matter. Learn about HU values, dexamethasone testing, metanephrines, aldosterone…
Bladder Pain With a Negative Urine Culture: Causes and What to Do Next
Bladder pain or burning can persist even when a routine urine culture is negative. Learn about repeat testing, stones, urethritis,…
Interstitial Cystitis / Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome can cause bladder pain, frequency and urgency despite negative cultures. Learn about diagnosis, pelvic floor therapy,…
Overactive Bladder: Symptoms and Treatment
Overactive bladder causes urinary urgency, often with frequency, night urination or urgency leakage. Learn how infection and poor emptying are…