Urinary Incontinence: Causes, Types and Treatment
Urinary incontinence means involuntary urine leakage. Learn the difference between stress, urgency, overflow and other types, and how treatment depends…
Patient Education Library General Urology
General Urology
Uroflowmetry Test Explained: Urine Flow Test, Results and Preparation
Uroflowmetry measures urine flow speed, volume and pattern. A low Qmax does not diagnose obstruction by itself and must be…
High Creatinine Due to Urinary Blockage: When Is It Serious?
Urinary obstruction can sometimes raise creatinine, especially when both kidneys, a solitary kidney or the bladder outlet are affected. Timely…
Cystoscopy Test: Why It Is Done and What to Expect
Cystoscopy uses a small camera to inspect the urethra and bladder. Learn why it is advised, how flexible and rigid…
Protein in Urine: When Is It Serious?
A one-time trace protein result can be temporary, but persistent protein or albumin in urine may signal kidney disease. Learn…
Hydronephrosis: Kidney Swelling Explained
Hydronephrosis means dilatation of the kidney collecting system. It may result from urinary blockage or other causes. Learn when kidney…
RBCs in Urine Report: Should You Worry?
Red blood cells in urine can occur with infection, stones, prostate problems, kidney disease or urinary tract cancer. Learn when…
Urine Culture Test Explained: Results, Growth, Colony Count and Sensitivity
A urine culture identifies bacteria or yeast in urine and reports antibiotic sensitivity. Learn how colony counts, contamination and negative…
Pus Cells in Urine Report: What Does It Mean?
Pus cells in urine show inflammation but do not prove a bacterial infection by themselves. Learn when pyuria needs urine…
Recurrent Urine Infection: Causes and Treatment
Repeated urinary infections should be confirmed and evaluated rather than treated with repeated blind antibiotics. Learn common causes, urine culture…
Catheter Care at Home: Patient Guide
Learn safe urinary catheter care at home: hand hygiene, keeping the bag below bladder level, preventing kinks and recognising blockage,…
Difficulty Passing Urine: Causes and Treatment
Difficulty starting or emptying urine can be caused by prostate enlargement, urethral narrowing, infection, medicines or weak bladder function. Learn…