Bladder Wall Thickening on Ultrasound
Bladder wall thickening may reflect an under-filled bladder, obstruction or inflammation. Learn when it matters and what tests may follow.
Patient Education Library Tests, Scans and Reports
Tests, Scans and Reports
PI-RADS Score on MRI Explained
Understand what PI-RADS 1 to 5 means on prostate MRI, how PSA density changes risk, and when MRI findings may…
Prostate MRI Report Explained
Learn how to read a multiparametric prostate MRI report: prostate volume, PSA density, PI-RADS lesions, diffusion, enhancement, capsule and lymph…
Scrotal Ultrasound Report Explained
Understand a scrotal ultrasound report: testicular size and blood flow, varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal cysts, torsion and suspicious testicular masses.
Penile Doppler Report Explained
Penile Doppler ultrasound evaluates penile arterial inflow and venous trapping after pharmacological erection. Learn PSV, EDV, RI and common interpretation…
FSH, LH and Prolactin in Men
FSH, LH and prolactin help identify testicular, pituitary and fertility problems in men. Learn what high or low combinations mean…
Testosterone Report Explained
A testosterone report should be interpreted with symptoms, timing, repeat morning levels, SHBG and LH/FSH. Learn what low total or…
Semen Analysis Report Explained
Learn how to read semen volume, sperm concentration, total count, motility, morphology, vitality and leukocytes using WHO 6th-edition principles.
Free PSA vs Total PSA Report Explained
Free PSA is interpreted as a percentage of total PSA, mainly in selected men with borderline PSA. Learn what a…
PSA Report Explained
PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. Learn how to interpret an elevated PSA, why repeat testing and MRI may be needed,…
Serum Creatinine Test Explained
Creatinine is a blood marker used to estimate kidney filtration. Learn why eGFR matters, what can raise creatinine and when…
Urine Culture and Sensitivity Report Explained
Understand urine culture reports: colony count, bacterial name, mixed growth, sensitive/intermediate/resistant antibiotics and when treatment is actually needed.