Prostate Cancer Stages Explained
Understand prostate cancer stages, TNM staging, clinical versus pathological stage, and how PSA, Grade Group and imaging fit into treatment…
Patient Education Library Uro-Oncology
Uro-Oncology
Prostate Cancer Risk Groups: Low, Intermediate and High Risk
Prostate cancer risk groups estimate the chance that apparently localised cancer will grow, spread or recur.
Ureter Cancer Explained
Ureter cancer is usually urothelial carcinoma arising from the lining of the tube that drains urine from the kidney to…
Renal Pelvis Cancer Explained
Renal pelvis cancer is usually urothelial carcinoma arising from the lining of the kidney’s urine-collecting system.
CT Urography for Upper Tract Cancer
Learn how CT urography evaluates suspected upper tract urothelial cancer, what contrast phases show, its limitations and when ureteroscopy is…
Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer Explained
Understand upper tract urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter, including symptoms, diagnosis, risk groups, kidney-sparing treatment and surgery.
Phimosis and Penile Cancer Risk
Learn how long-standing phimosis relates to penile cancer risk, which warning symptoms matter, and when examination, biopsy or circumcision may…
HPV and Penile Cancer
Understand the link between high-risk HPV and penile cancer, what HPV does and does not mean, vaccination, risk reduction and…
Non-Healing Ulcer on Penis
A persistent penile ulcer should be examined. Learn common benign causes, warning features, when biopsy is needed and why repeated…
Testicular Cancer and Fertility
Testicular cancer can affect fertility before treatment begins, and surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy can reduce sperm production further.
Sperm Freezing Before Cancer Treatment
Learn how sperm freezing before cancer treatment works, how many samples may be useful, what happens with low sperm counts…
Penile Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment
Penile cancer is uncommon, but a persistent ulcer, growth, thickened area, bleeding lesion or change on the glans/foreskin should not…