Tumor Markers AFP, Beta-hCG and LDH Explained
AFP, beta-hCG and LDH are blood tumour markers used in suspected and confirmed testicular germ-cell cancer.
Patient Education Library Uro-Oncology
Uro-Oncology
Radical Orchidectomy Explained
Radical inguinal orchidectomy is the standard first operation for most suspected testicular cancers.
Seminoma vs Non-Seminoma
Seminoma and non-seminoma are the two broad treatment categories of testicular germ-cell cancer. Seminoma consists of seminoma cells only.
Painless Testicular Lump: When to Worry
A new painless lump inside the testicle should be examined promptly, even if you otherwise feel well.
Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer
Learn how targeted therapies treat advanced kidney cancer, common VEGF-TKI side effects, monitoring, dose adjustment and treatment sequencing.
Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment
Testicular cancer most often presents as a painless lump, enlargement or change in the feel of one testicle.
Kidney Cancer Stage Explained
Understand kidney cancer stages I to IV, TNM staging, clinical versus pathological stage, and how stage affects treatment and follow-up.
Kidney Cancer Follow-Up
Kidney cancer follow-up after surgery is based on recurrence risk rather than one identical scan schedule for everyone.
Immunotherapy for Kidney Cancer
Immunotherapy has become a major treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma and is also used after surgery in selected patients…
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy Explained
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is minimally invasive removal of a kidney through several small abdominal incisions using a camera and long instruments.
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Explained
Robotic partial nephrectomy is kidney-sparing surgery performed through small incisions with robotic instruments controlled by the surgeon.
Radical Nephrectomy Explained
Understand when radical nephrectomy is used for kidney cancer, what is removed, how kidney function is assessed and what recovery…