Partial Nephrectomy Explained
Partial nephrectomy is an operation that removes a kidney tumour while preserving the remaining healthy kidney.
Patient Education Library Uro-Oncology
Uro-Oncology
Bosniak Classification Explained
The Bosniak classification is a CT/MRI system for cystic renal masses. It separates clearly benign cysts from lesions that need…
CT Scan for Kidney Cancer
Understand what contrast CT can show in kidney cancer, how tumour anatomy and spread are assessed, and when MRI or…
Renal Mass on Ultrasound: What Next?
A renal mass seen on ultrasound is not automatically kidney cancer. The usual next step is to characterize it with…
Small Renal Mass Explained
A small renal mass is usually a solid enhancing kidney lesion 4 cm or smaller. Many are slow growing and…
Renal Cyst vs Kidney Cancer
Most simple kidney cysts are benign and need no treatment. Complex cystic renal masses are assessed by contrast CT or…
Follow-Up Cystoscopy After Bladder Cancer
Follow-up cystoscopy is essential after non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer because new tumours can recur even after complete TURBT. The schedule is…
Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk
Smoking is the most important preventable risk factor for bladder cancer. Tobacco carcinogens are filtered into urine and repeatedly contact…
Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Understand kidney cancer symptoms, renal-mass imaging, biopsy, partial or radical nephrectomy, active surveillance, ablation, systemic treatment and follow-up.
Neobladder Surgery Explained
A neobladder is an internal urine reservoir made from bowel and connected to the urethra after bladder removal. It avoids…
Bladder Cancer Recurrence
Bladder cancer can recur in the bladder, urinary tract, lymph nodes or distant organs depending on the original stage. Recurrence…
Radical Cystectomy Explained
Radical cystectomy removes the bladder for muscle-invasive or selected very-high-risk bladder cancer and creates a new route for urine, such…